- Standardizing observations for comparisons
- The normal model
- 68-95-99.7 rule for the normal model
- Finding percentiles and areas for given observations from a normal model
- Finding observations for given percentiles or areas from a normal model
\[z = \frac{y - \bar{y}}{s}\]
\[z = \frac{66 - 70}{3} = -1.33\]